Wednesday Night Hike
  August 8, 2007
Silver Fork
(a.k.a. "The first south fork below Mill-F")
(Big Cottonwood Canyon)

The informational sign past the bottom of Silver Fork, at the end of the blacktop.
Click on the image for a larger version.
Informational sign at the bottom of Silver Fork, at the end of the blacktop
Weather:  Beautiful weather - only about 90 in the valley, and only a few clouds.
Present were:
  Gordon, K7HFV;  Bruce, KI7OM;  Mike, K7DOU;  Dale, WJ7L;  Chris, KF7P;  Ron, K7RJ;  and Clint, KA7OEI

Destination:  To the area around Davenport Hill and Wellington Tunnel.
Question of the day:  "Where does the water go?"
Total distance (GPS):   About 6.2 miles
Times:  Departed vehicles:  1853;  Left blacktop:  1911;  Passed Alta Tunnel:  1939;  Reached Wellington Tunnel:  2022;  Departed Wellington Tunnel:  2104;   Passed Alta Tunnel:  2143;  Reached blacktop:  2210;  Returned to vehicles:  2233
Altitudes in feet ASL (GPS approx):  Vehicles:  8090;  End of blacktop:  8130;  Alta tunnel:  8560;  Portal of Wellington Tunnel:  9610

Altitude gain/loss (approx.):  1520 feet
Local sunset on this date:  2035 at an azimuth of 292
° and we have lost about 28 minutes of sunlight since the date of the latest sunset - and about 8 minutes in the past week. (The 8th of August had 14:04:28 14:19:26 of daylight making the day about 15 minutes shorter than a week ago., The sun was 94.804 million miles distant.)
Total 2007 WNH mileage (if you have been on all hikes so far): 46.87 miles approx.
Total number of footsteps:  I managed to forget the pedometer, but it would be approximately 14030 footsteps, assuming an average of about 28 inches/step.  This makes for a total of about 103078 steps hiked by me during this WNH season.

Images (.JPG format):

Pictures by Bruce:

Panoramas:

Below are some panoramic pictures that are composites of smaller pictures.  Please note that due to size, it may not display properly on some browsers and you may need to use an image viewer like Irfanview to view them properly and zoom in on some of the details.  Note that details (exposure, time, location, etc.) are noted in file's EXIF "Comments" field.
Maps/profiles:
Notes:
There was a fairly good turnout for the hike, despite the beautiful weather.

Things got off to a bit of a slow start:  Mike had been delayed in getting there because he'd left work later than planned - and then had to drop by the 7-Eleven to get some water, so the fact that several of the rest of us were late didn't matter as much.  There was also an "indecision delay" - that is, a lot of time seemed to be taken by talking about things that we didn't want to do on this evening.  Finally, Chris made the suggestion of Silver Fork:  It was a bit long (but it was steep) but we knew that we could likely get to the "top" (the site of the Wellington Tunnel) before it got too dark and owing to the distinct road, it would not be too arduous a task to stumble along it after it had gotten really dark.  Another thing that occurred to me was that we'd not gone up Silver Fork on a Wednesday Night Hike since 2002 or 2003.

So, we piled into Mike's and Ron's vehicles and headed up the canyon.  Knowing that we'd likely not be emerging from the canyon before the gate at the entrance of the Solitude parking lot was to be locked, we parked along the highway:  Our hunch turned out to be quite correct.

This is one of those hikes in which the first 10-15 minutes are taken just to get to the trailhead - in this case, walking across the Solitude Ski resort parking lot, across a field of grass to the road amongst cabins, up the road, and then finally, past the end of the blacktop.  Since our last visit to Silver Fork, an informational sign had been added, right at the locked gate that blocked vehicle traffic.

Even before passing through the gate, we already encountered an example of large fauna:  As we approached the last cabin in the cluster near the bottom of the canyon, one of its occupants indicated to us that a moose was foraging in the meadow just up the road.  Sure enough, we soon saw a cow moose with a pair of calves munching away.  In spite of the fact that we detoured along the road away from them, they moved toward the woodland boarder, eying us suspiciously as we passed by.  This wasn't the only encounter with wildlife:  We'd seen what we thought was a fox (Mike thought it to be a small coyote) at about the time we passed by the Spruces campground and further up the canyon, we saw a lot of deer bouncing away or high up on the hills.

About 2/3 of the way up, an obvious landmark is the portal of the Alta tunnel.  Prior to about 10 years ago, this area deeply covered with overburden from the tunnel, but much of this was hauled away, being used for road construction and fill material.  At about the same time, plumbing work was done at the portal to more cleanly capture the water draining from this tunnel.  Prior to this rework, one could stand near the portal and hear a peculiar thing:  Over a period of 5-10 minutes, one could hear the water flow slowly increase and decrease - an effect possibly related to airflow in the mine affecting the hydrostatic pressure of the water column before it exited the tunnel.

Farther up the canyon can be seen the detritus of other former mine workings, including large pieces of iron pipe that had washed down from somewhere above - probably the vicinity of the Annie Tunnel.  As one continues upwards, what had been a mining road deteriorates into a steep and slippery (especially when wet) climb on loose rock.  Eventually, one tops the hill and breaks out into the meadow just below Davenport Hill.  The view further up the canyon is dominated by the Honeycomb Cliffs and, below it, the waste rock from the Wellington tunnel, forming a lunar-esque landscape of eroding mounds of rock.

Climbing a bit further up, one get so the portal of the Welling tunnel itself, dominated by a half-buried 20 horsepower steam engine.  The portal itself has largely collapsed and been filled in by erosion from above, but shining a flashlight, one can see back into the mountain about 30 feet or so.

Ron and Dale were the first to get to the tunnel and I followed shortly thereafter, with Chris not too far behind me.  After a few more minutes, Mike arrived and another few more minutes brought Bruce and Gordon.  Before too long, people were poking around the steam engine and peering into the portal, as well as just enjoying the interesting view around them.

After the last of the alpenglow climbed above the nearby peaks, we decided that we should start to begin to commence thinking about going back down, hopefully descending the steepest portion before it got too dark to see without flashlight.  Before this, however, was the important task of taking the obligatory group picture.  After several pictures, we finally started down.  Fortunately, we were able to descend the steepest part of the trail without any great difficulty before it got too dark, arriving at what had been the mining road:  With this well-defined path, traveling via flashlight in the dark was quite easy and safe.

Eventually, we emerged from the canyon, making the traverse along the road, the grass, and then the large parking lot.  Once we arrived at the car, I wanted to try another photographic experiment:  Painting the subjects with Laser pointers during a time exposure.  For this, I was able to con 5 victim into sitting down on boulders near the vehicles while Dale and I waved five laser pointers (two green and three red) randomly over the subjects - who, for obvious safety reasons, were instructed to keep their eyes closed:  The results speak for themselves!

The drive back down the canyon was uneventful.  Once at the parking lot at the mouth of the canyon, people staggered from their vehicles and went their separate ways, forgoing a dime-lime.


Minerals found in Silver Fork area mines:

The primary mineral extracts from the Alta Tunnel and the Prince of Wales were lead-bearing ores, such as Cerussite, Galena.  Other minerals in the area include Malachite, and Gordon's favorite, Smithsonite.  Also found in the canyon are Azurite, and Sphalerite.

The green rocks found laying about near the portal of the Wellington mine are probably Malachite, a copper carbonate.




About Silver Fork:

According to Keller, Silver Fork is the site of some of the earliest mining to occur in Big Cottonwood canyon in about 1870.  By the next year, a charcoal-fired smelter was built near the mouth of the canyon, close to the Richmond Mine and soon, the community of Belleville appeared.  The smelter was short-lived, the works being moved elsewhere by the end of the next year.

Near the top of the canyon, the Wellington Mine (named after one Wellington Sprouse) was one of many overlapping claims.  In about 1870, the Walker brothers, who ran the several operations, including the Emma and Prince of Wales mines, bought out most of the nearby claims to minimize the likelihood of later litigation - a tactic that was largely successful.  The Prince of Wales mine and nearby claims were quickly developed, with the 40 horsepower steam engine having been installed at the top of the Prince of Wales shaft in 1875, a 20 horsepower engine, fed by water from the Prince of Wales mine, at the Wellington tunnel, all using water pumped up from Grizzly Gulch from by a 15 horsepower engine.  Apparently, these mines were intermittently operated into the mid 1930's.

The Alta tunnel was started in 1912 with the hopes that it would intersect the same ore body as the Prince of Wales mine, but it was never very successful.  Before too long, water was struck, complicating matters and by 1919, the tunnel achieved a depth of 3800 feet and hit Tintic quartzite, positively indicating that there was no value to proceeding any further.  The mine was intermittently worked until 1938 - and again, briefly and for the last time in 1946.

Historical information following the phrase "According to Keller" is from Charles Keller's book, The Lady in the Ore Bucket.

Interestingly, Solitude's attempt to collect the water from the Kentucky-Utah mine for culinary use triggered a lawsuit from Salt Lake City:  Their claim was that this water was contributing, perhaps indirectly, to the flow in Big Cottonwood creek.  Eventually, a settlement was reached and this water is, in fact, used by Solitude for culinary purposes.

A link to a filing in this case may be found here.  Comment:  It seems as though the Kentucky-Utah mine near the mouth of Silver Fork, with the description (from the lawsuit) being this:

"The Kentucky-Utah Mine intercepts underground percolating water through seepages and cracks in its tunnel walls. This water is collected approximately 1,000 feet inside the tunnel and diverted to its portal. The portal of the mine is located approximately one-quarter to one-half mile south of, and approximately 500 vertical feet above, Big Cottonwood Creek. The portal is also within several hundred feet of the Silver Fork area and approximately 12 miles from the mouth of the canyon."



Comments:

SD-10 logo
Wanna send email?

Go to the 2007 Wednesday Night Hike page, or main Wednesday Night Hike page or the Wednesday Night Hike Cross-Index page

This page maintained by Clint Turner, KA7OEI and was last updated on 20070817 (Copyright 2007 by Clint Turner.  All rights on images and text are reserved.)